f30508040

Proportion of Materials
Used in Building Elements

Building Elements by percentage
Superstructure / Substructure15
Exterior Envelope25
Building Services40
Interior Systems20

651025

Steel Use in Buildings

Application by percentage
Superstructure65
Substructure10
Non-structural25

30204020

Steel Use in Buildings

Applications by million tonnes
Windows & Doors3
Curtain Walls2
Roofing & Cladding4
Others2
11 million tonnes